Meal and Rest Breaks

Like most employees, you probably work long and hard hours at your job. You deserve to take a break every once in a while. Whether it is a quick coffee break or a full lunch hour, the time off can help re-energize you and make it possible for you to give your best efforts throughout the day.

But are you legally entitled to take a break at work? The answer under New Jersey law is very different from the answer under New York law.

While employers typically provide lunch and meal breaks in New Jersey, there is no legal requirement for most employers to provide any breaks. Your right to take time off might be set by a formal policy in the company’s employee handbook, an informal policy or even an unwritten practice. These policies rarely are legally enforceable. However, if you are fortunate enough to have an enforceable offer letter or employment contract that spells out how much time you can take off for meals or other breaks, there is a good chance that provision is legally enforceable.

In contrast, New York State law requires employers to provide certain employees meal breaks. Specifically, the following are the minimum requirements for meal breaks in New York State:

• Factory workers are entitled to at least 60 minutes for lunch.
• Most other employees who work at least 6 hours per day are entitled to at least a 30-minute meal break.
• Employees who begin working before 11:00 am and continue working until at least 7 pm are entitled to an additional 20-minute meal break between 5 and 7 pm, for a minimum of at least 50 minutes per day.
• Employees who work more than 6 hours starting between 1 pm and 6 am are entitled to at least a 45-minute meal break during the middle of their workday, for a minimum of at least an hour-and-a-half per day.

These are minimums, meaning an employer's policy or an individual employment agreement can provide more generous breaks. However, employers are not necessarily required to pay their employees during the legally-required meal breaks.

Employers must pay non-exempt employees, meaning workers who are legally entitled to receive overtime pay and minimum wage, during any authorized short breaks during the work day. Generally, these short breaks are between 5 and 20 minutes long.

For additional information, please read our article: Hourly Employees Must be Paid for Short Breaks.

In contrast, employers are not required to pay employees during their lunch or meal breaks. In contrast to rest breaks, meal breaks typically are at least 30 minutes long.

Since employers are not legally required to pay employees during lunch breaks, companies that voluntarily agree to pay for this time are not obligated to pay time-and-a-half overtime premiums for this non-working time.

However, since employers are required to pay non-exempt employees for all of their hours worked, if an employee works through their meal or rest break at work, then they are entitled to be paid for this time.

Nonetheless, many companies automatically deduct a full meal break from all of their employees, whether or not they actually took a break. When they do so for non-exempt employees, those companies are violating state and federal wage and hour laws.

For further information, you might be interested in reading our article, Employer Cannot Offset Unpaid Work with Voluntary Pay During Meals, from our New Jersey Employment Law Blog.

Employees who have issues with their meal breaks at work may also have wage and hour claims. For more information, please visit our overtime pay, minimum wage and unpaid wages pages.

If you have any questions, or would like to schedule a consultation with one of our New Jersey employment lawyers, please feel free to contact us online or call us at (201) 777-2250. We are located in Bergen County, New Jersey, but for your convenience we also offer consultations and other meetings via Zoom and teleconference.